The first appearance of M31

La prima volta di M31

Go to Italian Version Go to MY WELCOME PAGE

By Giangi Caglieris (Giovanni Maria Caglieris)

I am grateful to my friend Henk Bril , who transformed in a good English my row translation of the Italian same page.
Please, have a look on his very interesting site very interesting site.


Which Celestial Atlas was the first to report M31?


Notice: All inserted images are from Linda Hall Library site either from Out of This World - The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas either from Digital Service - Star Altases.
Please, give to them a look.


Felice Stoppa, who maintains the fantastic site www.atlascoeletis.com, dedicated to Celestial Maps and Atlases, asserts in his book Atlas Coelestis - Il cielo stellato nella scienza e nell'arte, pag. 50, that in J. Flamsteed's Atlas Coelestis M31 is "Fist non stellar object who appears in a celestial map".

I don't agree with him.

Apart from a 1500's Dutch map (according to by R.H. Allen) and drawings from Arabian manuscripts (see K.G. Jones, Messier's Nebulae & Star Clusters, pag 121 and Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi)) , M31 is reported in Coelum Stellatum Christianum, (and in the associated Coelum stellatum Christianum concavum), of Julius Schiller printed on 1627 in August .

In the Schiller Christianised Version of the sky, Andromeda is the constellation no. XX, or the Sepulcher, the burial place of Jesus Christ in Jeruzalem, Sepulchri Triumphatoris XPI.
M31 is the "Star" n. 27 ("Nebula ibidem ad Boeream ") in the page catalogue and on the map it is drowned with a stellar symbol different from the others..

Refer to following imagines, from the site of Linda Hall Library.



Top of the page in catalogue



Description of M31 as item 27 in the catalogue

Image from Coelum Stellatum Christianum;
Schiller depicts the stars in his atlas as they would appear on a globe. So we look at them from the outside. Here the view is not specular, but normal.

Image from Coelum stellatum Christianum concavum

Have a look at the exhibition site in order to know how the printed page has been obtained.


Many thanks to
for their marvellous site, who captivated and initiated many amateur astronomers (including nyself) to the Historical CELESTIAL ATLAS.

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